How Online Abuse Can Affect Mental Wellbeing

Being insulted or threatened online can feel unreal because it happens on a screen. For many people the effects are real, though, and can follow them from the phone to the dinner table, the workplace and bed at night. This article gives general information only. It is not medical advice, and anyone worried about their health should speak to a qualified professional.

Why it can hurt so much

Several features of online abuse make it hard to shake off:

• It is always reachable. A phone is with you all day, so there is little chance to step away.
• It can be public. An audience may see the abuse, which can add embarrassment or shame.
• It can be repeated. Messages and screenshots can circulate again and again.
• It may feel anonymous and unpredictable. Not knowing who is behind a message can increase anxiety.
• It can target something personal. Attacks on appearance, identity or family tend to land harder.

Common reactions

People respond in many ways, and there is no right or wrong reaction. Some of the things people commonly report are:

• feeling anxious, angry or ashamed, and sometimes ashamed of feeling that way,
• difficulty sleeping or concentrating,
• avoiding social media, work or social events,
• constantly checking notifications, or the opposite, being afraid to look,
• changes in appetite or mood,
• loss of confidence, or doubting their own worth.

These reactions are understandable responses to being treated badly. They do not mean that the person is weak.

Warning signs to take seriously

Some signs mean it is time to reach out for support quickly rather than waiting:

• persistent low mood or hopelessness lasting more than a short time,
• withdrawal from friends and activities you used to enjoy,
• thoughts of self-harm or of not wanting to be alive,
• feeling unsafe at home or in public because of what has been said online.

If any of these apply, speak to someone you trust, a doctor or a support service. Organisations such as Samaritans, Calm, MIND and SANE in the UK were listed on the original campaign pages as places to start, and similar services exist in many countries. In an emergency, contact local emergency services.

What can help, in general terms

Support looks different for each person, but a few approaches are widely recommended:

1. Tell someone. A friend, relative, colleague or counsellor can offer perspective and help you feel less alone.
2. Create distance. Muting, blocking and taking breaks from platforms can reduce exposure.
3. Keep routines. Sleep, meals, movement and time outdoors help maintain resilience.
4. Remember it is about them. Abuse often says more about the sender than the target.
5. Seek professional support if needed. A doctor or therapist can help when feelings are overwhelming.

For the long term

Recovery from online abuse is rarely a straight line. Some people feel better within days, while others need weeks or months. Looking after yourself is not an overreaction. For practical steps, read what to do if you are being trolled, or see the guide on supporting someone who is being targeted. The home page lists support organisations.